The federal government should approve a vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in dairy cattle, the California state veterinarian told a House Agriculture subcommittee hearing on the work of the National Animal Health Laboratory Network on Tuesday.

“I believe we need dairy vaccination in the toolbox yesterday, especially for regions currently free from disease,” Annette Jones, the California state veterinarian and director of Animal Health and Food Safety Services at the California Department of Food and Agriculture, testified before the House Agriculture Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Subcommittee.

“If I were a poultry producer, beef producer, swine producer or dairy producer, I would be banging my fist on the table to vaccinate dairy cattle way ahead of poultry,” Jones added. “If USDA can successfully keep trade doors open when millions of dairy cows are actively infected with H5N1, I am confident that they can get the job done if we use vaccine selectively to protect these girls.”

In her submitted testimony, Jones also noted that “of the 17 states with known infected dairy cows, 12 have experienced poultry cases directly from these herds.” She also noted that the current HPAI outbreak has cost USDA almost $2 billion. “Without early disease detection and accurate test results to make rapid decisions, the expense and the toll on animals and people would be much higher,” Jones said.

In his opening statement, Rep. Tracey Mann, R-Kan., said that the One Big Beautiful Bill Act had increased funding for the NAHLN network of more than 60 state and university laboratories around the country well as funding for the National Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Program and National Animal Vaccine and Veterinary Countermeasures Bank.

Mann said, “The One Big Beautiful Bill included $233 million per year for the three-legged stool, with $10 million per year directed towards the NAHLN laboratories, which is on top of existing discretionary funding. This funding will increase diagnostic capabilities, improve research, assist in disease surveillance, and strengthen our overall capacity as a nation to prevent, detect and mitigate foreign animal diseases.”

In his opening statement, Rep. Jim Costa, D-Calif., subcommittee ranking member, emphasized that the laboratory at the University of California, Davis, has played a critical role in combating HPAI. But Costa also noted that the Trump administration had fired a quarter of the employees in the laboratory central coordinating office. “This occurred in the middle of the prolonged hi-path avian influenza outbreak, and I cannot imagine a worse time to decide to cut positions that coordinate disease response. Think about it. We’ve seen uninformed and short-sighted decisions such as this one made across the government by this administration. We have already started to see how these decisions impact our ability to respond to disease, disaster and other events that put communities in jeopardy.” 

The hearing also offered an opportunity for laboratory officials from Kansas, Iowa and Texas to talk about the work of their laboratories.

Jamie Retallick, director of the Kansas Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Kansas State University, presented a map of the laboratories around the country. Retallick said that “weekly calls and annual meetings with NAHLN and the 64 state laboratories foster necessary communication and strong relationships across the network.” As part of the network there are two federal parent laboratories — the National Veterinary Service Laboratory in Ames, Iowa, and the Foreign Animal Diagnostic Disease Laboratory at Plum Island, N.Y. — and the National Biodefense Agriculture Facility in Manhattan, Kan., Retallick said.